Human serum albumin (HSA) is a protein found in blood plasma. It is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma and plays crucial roles in maintaining osmotic pressure, transporting various substances such as hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and contributing to the regulation of pH balance in the body.
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Some key functions of human serum albumin include:
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Maintaining Osmotic Pressure: Albumin helps regulate the distribution and balance of fluids between the blood and tissues by exerting osmotic pressure, which prevents the leakage of fluid from blood vessels into tissues.
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Transportation of Substances: Albumin serves as a carrier protein, transporting various substances throughout the body. This includes hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin (a breakdown product of red blood cells), and certain drugs.
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Buffering Action: Human serum albumin helps maintain the pH balance of blood by acting as a buffer, helping to stabilize the acid-base balance.
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Antioxidant Properties: Albumin also possesses antioxidant properties, which help protect cells and tissues from damage caused by free radicals.
Human serum albumin is synthesised in the liver and released into the bloodstream, where it circulates and performs its various functions. It has a long half-life in the bloodstream, typically around 20 days.
In medical settings, human serum albumin is sometimes used as a therapeutic agent to treat conditions such as hypovolemia (low blood volume), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and certain types of shock. It can be administered intravenously to help restore blood volume and provide oncotic support. Additionally, albumin-based solutions are used in some medical procedures and formulations of certain medications.
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